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Sports injuries by body area

Anatomy
click where it hurts

Pick the part of the body that is bothering you. For each area we list the injuries that most often show up there — what each one is, the usual signs, and how our therapists work with it.

3 common injuries

Head & neck

Stiff necks, tension headaches and knocks to the head.

Neck strain

Overloaded muscles at the side and back of the neck.

Signs
Stiffness turning the head, an ache into the shoulders, often after a long drive or a bad night.
How we help
Soft-tissue work to the neck and upper back, and posture advice for the desk.

Tension headache

A band-like headache driven by tight neck and shoulder muscles.

Signs
Pressure around the forehead or the base of the skull that builds through the day.
How we help
Massage through the upper trapezius and the base of the skull; steam first helps.

Concussion

A brain injury from a blow to the head or a hard jolt.

Signs
Headache, dizziness, nausea, blurred vision or confusion after a knock.
How we help
See a doctor first. We only support a graded return once you are medically cleared.

4 common injuries

Shoulder & arm

Throwing, lifting and racket sports load the shoulder, elbow and wrist.

Rotator cuff strain

Irritation or a tear in the small muscles that steady the shoulder joint.

Signs
Pain lifting the arm out to the side or overhead, and weakness reaching up.
How we help
A Premium session around the joint, then a progressive strengthening plan.

Shoulder impingement

Tendons pinched at the top of the shoulder as the arm rises.

Signs
A catch of pain in the middle of the arc of raising the arm.
How we help
Mobility work through the upper back and shoulder blade, not just the shoulder.

Tennis elbow

An overused tendon on the outside of the elbow.

Signs
Pain gripping, lifting a cup or shaking hands; tender on the outer elbow.
How we help
Forearm soft-tissue work and load management; short sessions, more often.

Wrist sprain

Stretched or torn ligaments, usually from a fall onto the hand.

Signs
Swelling and pain bending the wrist or taking weight through the hand.
How we help
Get a fracture ruled out first, then hands-on work and graded loading.

4 common injuries

Chest & back

The trunk passes force between your legs and arms — and it complains when it does more than its share.

Lower back pain

Usually overloaded muscles and joints rather than anything structural.

Signs
Ache or stiffness across the lower back, worse after sitting or bending.
How we help
A 60 or 90 minute session through the back, hips and glutes, plus posture work.

Upper back stiffness

Tight muscles between the shoulder blades from desk hours.

Signs
A dull ache between the shoulder blades and a rounded posture.
How we help
Soft-tissue work and mobility through the thoracic spine.

Rib and intercostal strain

A strain of the small muscles between the ribs.

Signs
Sharp pain on twisting, deep breathing or coughing.
How we help
Gentle soft-tissue work once a rib injury has been ruled out.

Abdominal strain

A pulled muscle in the front or side of the trunk.

Signs
Pain sitting up, twisting or sneezing.
How we help
Start with a consultation; this one is an assessment question first.

4 common injuries

Hip & thigh

The engine room for sprinting, kicking and changing direction.

Hamstring strain

A tear in the muscles at the back of the thigh, usually sprinting.

Signs
A sudden sharp pain at the back of the thigh, then pain stretching or running.
How we help
Graded soft-tissue work and a return-to-run plan; regular sessions prevent repeats.

Groin strain

A strain of the adductor muscles on the inside of the thigh.

Signs
Pain on the inner thigh when kicking, cutting or bringing the legs together.
How we help
Hands-on work through the adductors and hips, then progressive loading.

Hip flexor strain

Overload of the muscles at the front of the hip.

Signs
Pain lifting the knee or at the front of the hip after sprinting or cycling.
How we help
A 60 or 90 minute session, ideally after steam or sauna to warm deep tissue.

Quadriceps strain

A pulled muscle at the front of the thigh.

Signs
Pain kicking, sprinting or straightening the knee against resistance.
How we help
Soft-tissue work through the thigh and the ice bath add-on on heavy days.

4 common injuries

Knee

Landing, cutting and long miles all end up at the knee.

Runner’s knee

Pain around the kneecap from how it tracks under load.

Signs
An ache at the front of the knee on stairs, squats or after sitting.
How we help
Work through the quads, hips and IT band; the knee often pays for the thigh.

IT band syndrome

Irritation where the band crosses the outside of the knee.

Signs
A sharp pain on the outside of the knee a set distance into a run.
How we help
We work the muscles that tension the band — glutes and the outer hip.

Ligament sprain (MCL / ACL)

A stretched or torn knee ligament, often from a twist or contact.

Signs
Swelling, pain, and a feeling the knee might give way.
How we help
Get it assessed by a doctor first; we support rehab once you are cleared.

Patellar tendinopathy

An overloaded tendon just below the kneecap.

Signs
Pain below the kneecap when jumping or landing.
How we help
Load management and soft-tissue work through the quads.

3 common injuries

Lower leg

Calves and shins take every push-off and every landing.

Shin splints

Overload along the inner edge of the shin bone.

Signs
A diffuse ache along the shin that worsens with running and eases with rest.
How we help
Calf and shin soft-tissue work, and a plan to bring running volume back slowly.

Calf strain

A tear in the calf muscle, often on a push-off.

Signs
A sudden pain or "kick" in the calf, then pain on tiptoe.
How we help
Graded soft-tissue work, then the ice bath add-on after hard blocks.

Cramp and tightness

Muscles that have simply done too much.

Signs
Late-session cramp and calves that feel like rope the next day.
How we help
Regular sports massage and recovery add-ons through the season.

2 common injuries

Ankle

The most commonly sprained joint in sport.

Ankle sprain

Stretched or torn ligaments, usually on the outside of the ankle.

Signs
Swelling, bruising and pain walking after rolling the ankle.
How we help
Rest and protect it early; then hands-on work and balance training to stop it happening again.

Achilles tendinopathy

An overloaded Achilles tendon at the back of the ankle.

Signs
Stiffness and pain at the back of the heel, worst on the first steps of the day.
How we help
Consistent shorter sessions over a long block; tendons adapt slowly.

2 common injuries

Foot

Small structures that carry your whole body, every step.

Plantar fasciitis

Irritation of the thick band under the foot.

Signs
Pain under the heel, worst first thing in the morning.
How we help
Calf and foot soft-tissue work, plus advice on load and footwear.

Metatarsal pain

Overload under the ball of the foot.

Signs
Pain under the front of the foot when running or standing long.
How we help
Assessment first, then foot and calf work; a stress fracture must be ruled out.

General information about common sports injuries — not a diagnosis and not medical advice. If you have had a blow to the head, cannot take weight, see a deformity, or have severe swelling, numbness or pain that is getting worse, see a doctor first.

3D model derived from Z-Anatomy and BodyParts3D (Database Center for Life Science), used under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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